However, dust from the gobi desert might not be the only source of ambient influenza virus, based on evidence implicating the contribution of african dust to bacterial and fungal cfu concentrations in ambient air in the caribbean and the mediterranean polymenakou et al. The moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer modis. Dust storms in iran, northeastern iraq and syria, the persian gulf and southern arabian peninsula are more frequent in summer. Quantitative information on the contribution of dust storms to atmospheric pm10 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter. The aim of this study is to discuss the types of sand and dust storms in iraq, their regional and local exten figure 1. In april 2015, a massive dust storm billowed across the arabian peninsula, turning bright blue skies an ominous orange. Dust storm simulation over iran using hysplit springerlink. The first edition of the novel was published in 2009, and was written by norman ollestad. Toms aerosols index and weather maps for three days from 3rd of july to 5th were used for this purpose. Now, with states lifting their coronavirus restrictions piecemeal and according to their own, often arbitrary. An evaluation of satellite dustdetection algorithms in. Contribution of iraqi and syrian dust storms on particulate matter concentration during a dust storm.
This trajectory modeling showed that source of early june dust storm was in western syrian desert and near the border of syria, jordan and saudi arabia. Much of iraqs fertile lands have been literally blown away as. In addition, it can cause health hazards, loss of agricultural soil, and safety hazards to aviation and motorists due to reduced visibility. Dust storms damage crops and remove the fertile top soil, which reduces agricultural productivity. The symbol of the dust storm in the martian from litcharts. Our simulation results compare well with available groundbased and satellite observations. A new coronavirus that has spread to more than 2,000 people is infectious in its incubation period before symptoms show making it harder to contain, chinese officials say. Economic impact and risk assessment of sand and dust storms. This study analyses the relationship between local climate and the occurrence of dust storms in central iraq, and concludes that dust emission variability is governed primarily by wind speed. The main objective of this study was to quantify the contribution of dust storms to pm10 concentrations in a desert urban center, the city of beersheva. This file contains additional information such as exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. Also due to the dust storms in iraq, the dust deposition on the.
Dust storms over the persian gulf modis may 28, 2003 southwest asia modis may 2, 2003 massive dust storm over the persian gulf modis april 29, 2003 airborne dust storm over the persian gulf modis april 17, 2003 dust storm over the persian gulf modis april 17, 2003 the caspian sea modis march 31, 2003 dust storm in iraq. This paper introduces the analysis of the huge dust storm happened in the middle of the arabia peninsula on 2527 march 2003, in course of iraq war, with remote sensing technology, and shows that the weather condition is one of the important factors parameters in modern warfare. Watney sets out to calculate how fast the dust storm is moving, and in what direction. Dust storm events were found to be associated with increased risk of sameday asthma relative risk 1.
Ambient influenza and avian influenza virus during dust. A massive dust storm cloud is close to enveloping a military camp as it rolls over al asad, iraq, just before nightfall on april 27, 2005. Sand and dust storm trajectories from iraq mesopotamian. Iraqi and syrian deserts comprised 40% of pm in tehran during the dust episodes. Mineral dust and aerosols can directly and indirectly influence shortwave and longwave radiative forcing. Once the solar cells efficiency drops to a certain level, watneys life support will fail. Trajectory simulation began at 12 utc on june 8th for ahvaz and 12 utc on june 9th for tehran for june case study. This futuredanger indicator is a predefined condition or event that points to an impending threat to the safety of americans. Geosciences free fulltext cyclogenesis and density. The storm wont threaten his life support until hes at 19 percent power loss. This study examines the atmospheric conditions at the origin of the large dust storms during this period. Airborne hazards exposure and respiratory health of iraq.
The ministry of environment, in iraq recorded 122 dust storms and 283 dusty days, and sources suggest that within the next ten years iraq could witness 300 dusty days and dust storms per year 1. Sand and dust storm trajectories from iraq mesopotamian flood plain. Iraq is one of the most affected countries in the middle east concerning the occurrences of sand and dust storms. The impact of dust storms on the arabian peninsula and the. A terrible dust storm raged through iraq in the first week of july 2009. Dust storms arise when a gust front or other strong wind blows loose sand and dirt from a dry surface. Sensors free fulltext monitoring dust storms in iraq. On 6 to 9 september 2015, a massive dust storm whipped across at least seven countries in the middle east and enveloped the east. Detection of dust storm origins in the middle east by. The aim of this work is to analyze the synoptic situation of a massive dust storm occurred on the first week of july 2009 and covered most of iraq. A dust storm, also called sandstorm, is a meteorological phenomenon common in arid and semiarid regions.
The source of dust storm was located in west and north of syrian desert. Request pdf remote sensing and gis for dust storm studies in iraq dust storms occur when strong winds combine with erodible soils that are mainly located in semiarid and arid regions of the. New research shows an unique type of titaniumfilled dust, found at camp victory in iraq, has been discovered in the lungs of several iraq war veterans suffering from respiratory illness. Although the horrific dust storm that occurred in the first week of july 2009 is considered the worst dust storm in recent history that struck iraq and spread to nearby countries mohammad, 2009. The onset of modern central asian atmospheric circulation is traditionally linked to the interplay of surface uplift of the mongolian and tibetanhimalayan orogens, retreat of. A variant of my dust theme with a dusty image for those who wanted something a little darker joel. Climate, not conflict, explains extreme middle east dust storm. These algorithms are applied to moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer modis data to detect dustcontaminated pixels during three significant dust events in 2007 in the middle east region that originated from sources in iraq, syria and saudi arabia. An enormous dust storm rolled through phoenix in 2011, creating some incredible images across the valley. The main causes in the development of sand and dust storms, in iraq are discussed. English map on iraq about agriculture, climate change and environment, drought and more. If you live near a desert you expect to get dusty every now and again. Long periods of drought and inappropriate land management practices, by removing soil moisture and vegetation cover, can make these region more susceptible to the occurrence dust storms. Contribution of iraqi and syrian dust storms on particulate matter.
Dust events in the western parts of iran and the relationship with drought expansion over the dustsource areas in iraq and syria. Saudi arabia, western parts of the united arab emirates uae, qatar, kuwait and bahrain experienced a dust storm on march 26 and 27 and the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer modis instrument aboard nasa s aqua satellite captured an image of the dust. Dust storms are one of the most common natural phenomena in the arid and semiarid regions. The book was published in multiple languages including english, consists of 272 pages and is available in hardcover format.
The first 10 days of september 2015 were marked by intense dust activity over the middle east and the arabian peninsula. Pdf sand and dust storm events in iraq researchgate. Previous work utilized satellite and groundbased thermal infrared tir data to measure aerosol content in the atmosphere. We estimate the total amount of dust generated by the storm to have reached 94 mt. An increase in dust and sand storm frequency has been experienced in iraq over recent times and seems likely to increase further under future climate change. Iraq war veterans sickened by camp victory dust kpbs. Iraq is one of the countries that is often impacted to a large degree by the occurrences of dust storms. Fine particles are transported by saltation and suspension, a process that moves soil from one place and deposits it in another. Although kuwait is greatly impacted by sand and dust storms sds from southern iraq, to date little is known about. Pace decided to visit the streets of ramadi after a dust storm grounded his scheduled departure flight. A cross sectional study compared 1456 australian gulf war veterans with a randomly sampled military comparison group n 1588. Synoptic analysis of 35 july 2009 severe dust storm in. A postal questionnaire asked about respiratory conditions, exposures, medications.
The impact of dust and sandstorms in increasing drought areas in. The dust storm that watney must circumnavigate on his way to schiaparelli represents the danger of the unknown. Iraq is considered one of the regions most vulnerable countries to climate change and it faces. The middle east is second to the sahara desert as a source of sand and dust. Drought severity and increased dust storm frequency in the. Peter pace, chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, says hello to a 2year old iraqi child and the childs grandfather while visiting ramadi, iraq, july 17, 2007. Indeed, analysis of natural hazardlevel shamal dust storms between 2003 and 2011 shows the two most common synoptic types associated with these dust storms to be capable of transporting dust to west and central iran fig. The impact of dust and sandstorms in increasing drought. The deeper into the storm he goes, the less energy he can budget towards driving. Impacts of climate and synoptic fluctuations on dust storm. Dust storms are nothing new here, but they have become more frequent. Clouds of sandy grit enveloped entire cities, snarling traffic. Global dust storm source areas determined by the total ozone monitoring spectrometer and ground.
With noaa and gms5 satellites, the dust storms can be effectively monitored. This study investigates the spatialtemporal distributions of dust events including suspended dust, rising dust and dust storms in iraq by analysing dust observations based on visibility from. On july 24, 2005, a massive dust storm swept across iraq, from northwest to southeast. The events of sand and dust storms are either regional or local. Meteorological analysis of severe dust storm over middle. Dust storm in the iraqi western desert, west of falluja. The relationship of the distribution of dust storm and the normalized difference vegetation index is discussed, it is pointed out that the dust storm frequently occurs at the areas with few vegetation cover, such as desert or gobi. Approximately 78% of this dust was deposited within the calculation domain. Over the last few years in the middle east, the intensity and frequency of this phenomenon have. Data on the longterm health consequences of dust storm exposures in the regions of interest are lacking.
Dust storms in 2012 exist over the total area of iraqsyria and saudi arabia deserts, while in 2014, dust storms are limited to the eastern part of the arabian peninsula. Desert shielddesert storm and who have a disease that va recognizes as being associated with gulf war service. We particularly investigate the atmospheric dynamics leading to the development of a large dry cyclone over iraq on 31 august 2015 which in turn generated an intense. Dust storms can be considered as a natural hazard, every year between 100 and 120dust storm are cover large areas of iraq, the dust aerosol arise to the atmosphere.
Using thermal infrared tir data to characterize dust. Watney does not notice when he enters the storm, and the further he drives into the storm, the less power he gains from his solar cells. The main characters of this non fiction, autobiography story are. Check back soon for a complete description of what this indicator means, when and where it has happened before, and why it is dangerous to you. Respiratory health status of australian veterans of the. According to news reports, many iraqis considered the storm to be the worst in living memory. Hundreds of people reported to the hospital for respiratory distress, and the blowing dust interfered with air and land travel for nearly a week. Things were so much clearer when just about everything was locked down. The time between june 29 to july 8, 2009 is considered one of the worst dust storm periods of all times and many iraq is suffered medical problems as a result. Analyzing the dust storm in iraq using meteorological.
Since the 1991 gulf war concerns have been raised about the effects on veterans health of exposures to kuwaiti oil fire smoke and to dust storms. Its severity, demonstrated by extreme aerosol optical depth in the atmosphere in the 99th percentile compared to historical data. The former, however, is more frequent than the latter. Thick white dust blows southeastward over southern iraq and kuwait. Pdf download for the impact of dust and sandstorms in increasing. Pdf analysis and monitoring dust storms by using terra. The influence of the persian gulf on the climate of iraq is very limited. Remote sensing and gis for dust storm studies in iraq. The frequency of the occurrence has increased drastically in the last decade and.
497 46 31 579 1311 1211 822 978 429 425 107 1439 68 1038 675 205 1236 281 1215 267 105 1331 96 645 880 1383 1038 130 878 688 737 401 1582 751 718 1316 767 790 266 1499 261 35 792